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Assistance for HIST 102 AMU week 5 forum The Cold War and the Age of Prosperity in America American History since 1877 American Military university is available at Domyclass

On September 30, 1938, the League of Nations passed a unanimous resolution for the “Protection of Civilian Populations Against Bombing from the Air in Case of War.” In that resolution, the League noted that “the Intentional bombing of civilian populations is illegal,” and that “any attack on legitimate military objectives must be carried out in such a way that civilian populations in the neighborhood are not bombed through negligence.”[1]

The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939 with a budget of $167,000 to explore the feasibility of a nuclear chain reaction.  By October 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt officially approved the atomic program, and established a committee to oversee it.  On July 16, 1945, the US tested its first nuclear explosion.  Less than a month later, on August 6, 1945 the US dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, and three days later, a second bomb on Nagasaki.

On June 27, 1945, the Undersecretary of the Navy, Ralph A. Bard sent a memo to Secretary of War Henry Stimson.  “Ever since I have been in touch with this program I have had a feeling that before the bomb is actually used against Japan that Japan should have some preliminary warning for say two or three days in advance of use. The position of the United States as a great humanitarian nation and the fair play attitude of our people generally is responsible in the main for this feeling.

During recent weeks I have also had the feeling very definitely that the Japanese government may be searching for some opportunity which they could use as a medium of surrender.”[2]

In his combat memoir With the Old Breed, Eugene Sledge would write that “We received the news with quiet disbelief coupled with an indescribable sense of relief.  We thought the Japanese would never surrender.  Many refused to believe it.  Sitting around in stunned silence, we remembered our dead.  So many dead.  So many maimed.  So many bright futures consigned to the ashes of the past.  So many dreams lost in the madness that had engulfed us.”[3]

Clearly, some sought a different solution from the bomb, while others, and especially those who had fought in the Pacific, found great relief that they would not have to endure another minute of combat.  Justification for dropping the bomb, and opposition to it came from many quarters.  For this debate, you are not limited to the months prior to August 6, 1945.  The argument concerning the use of nuclear power raged on for years to come.

Some of you have been divided into two groups. For this forum, Group A will assume the role of an individual who supported the use of the bomb, while Group B will argue against. Each of you should post a statement in support, or in opposition to the idea of using nuclear power in World War II. Your submission should be a minimum of 250 words in length. Try not to make assumptions. Instead, assume the historical role of someone who lived in the United States at this point in history. Use sources to back up your position.

After your initial submission, you are then required to continue the debate by responding to at least one classmate who took an opposing position. Overall you still must complete three replies to other students’ initial posts. Your responses should be a minimum of 125 words, and should contribute to the dialogue. You are required to have one source. Your initial response is due by 11:55pm, ET, Friday and your responses to 3 other students by 11:55pm, ET, Sunday.

The remainder of the class will answer questions concerning other topics but are required to make a reply in opposition to both a pro-bomb post and an anti-bomb post.  This is not about your personal feelings so use sources. History is not opinion. History is your educated opinion which means your opinion supported by facts.  The facts are demonstrated by citing sources.  When you assert an opinion you should follow it up with an example and an explanation, it goes a long way to validating your point.   Analyze before you express an opinion, and then have a source to back you up.  This exercise should help you see both sides of the issue.

 

Group A, “Supporting the Bomb”

If your last name begins with the letter “G”  you are in group A and need to write a post in favor of  Atomic weapons of the period.
Group B, “Anti-bomb”

If your last name begins with the letters  S  – “Z”  you are in group B and need to write a post against nuclear weapons of the period. 

 

For the remainder of the class, answer one of the instructor-provided questions with your response due by 11:55pm, ET, Friday and your responses to 3 other students’ postings by 11:55pm, ET, Sunday. You will also be required to answer a follow-up question from your instructor. The follow-up post is due the following Sunday by 11:55 pm, ET. The follow-up answer should be posted in the forum specifically set-aside for that.

Your initial response to the question should be between 250 – 300 words long. Include references and citations where necessary to ensure proper credit and documentation of your sources. You are welcome to include references in addition to the course textbook, just ensure that you use proper documentation.

Each of your responses to 3 of your classmates should be at least 125 words, not to include any citations/references. At least one reply should be directed at either a supporter of the bomb or someone who is anti-bomb.  Specific examples and references should include citations and footnotes.

Use the text and the sources provided to answer the question (you will notice on the second question in each grouping there are no sources provided, here is your chance to do your own research.). Remember you must cite at least two sources. The initial post must be 250 words minimum and your comments to other students will be 125- 150 words or more.  Your reply to my follow-up question should be at least 125 words.

If your last name begins with the letters  A  – “Ba…” answer one of the two questions below.

1. Discuss the origins and purpose of the Marshall Plan.  Discuss the consequences of the Marshall Plan for U.S. foreign policy.

http://marshallfoundation.org/marshall/the-marshall-plan/
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/marshall-plan

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/marshall-plan

Or, you may answer the question below.  You must have two sources and one maybe the textbook.  All other rules apply.

Explain the importance of the integration of the armed forces in the 1950s.
If your last name begins with the letters  Bi… – F… answer one of the three questions below.  
2.Explain how George F. Kennan’s ideas of communist containment were reflected in Truman’s Cold War policies?

http://future.state.gov/when/timeline/1946_cold_war/kennan_and_containment.html

http://www.hfienberg.com/irtheory/contain.html

Or, you may answer the question below.  You must have two sources and one can be the textbook.  All other rules apply.

Compare the arguments for and against the guilt of Alger Hiss.

Or, you may answer the question below.  You must have two sources and one can be the textbook.  All other rules apply.

Tell the class about the American operatives and Russian spies who betrayed America by revealing atomic secrets to the Russians in the 1950s.

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/spies-who-spilled-atomic-bomb-secrets-127922660/

http://www.atomicheritage.org/history/espionage

 

If your last name begins with the letter “H…”  answer one of the two questions below.
3.What is “the Military-Industrial Complex” and why did Eisenhower warn the country about it? Was Eisenhower correct in his assessment?

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/eisenhower-warns-of-military-industrial-complex

http://www.npr.org/2011/01/17/132942244/ikes-warning-of-military-expansion-50-years-later

http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/01/the-tyranny-of-defense-inc/308342/

http://taskandpurpose.com/the-real-point-of-eisenhowers-warning-about-the-military-industrial-complex/

http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2011/01/ikes_misinterpreted_farewell_a.html

Or, you may answer the question below.  You must have two sources and one can be the textbook.  All other rules apply.

Analyze the origins of McCarthyism.  How real was the threat of domestic communism at this time?
If your last name begins with the letters “I…” through “M…” answer one of the two questions below. 
4.Why was there a rise in juvenile delinquency in the 1950s?

https://thegreatnuclearsociety.wordpress.com/2013/02/16/curing-juvenile-delinquency-in-the-1950s/

http://teachrock.org/lesson/fear-of-the-american-teenager/

http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1952/4/11/gluecks-study-of-500-juvenile-delinquents/

A longer piece where you will find lots of information:

http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1665&context=theses

 

Or, you may answer the question below.  You must have two sources and one can be the textbook.  All other rules apply.

Was television in the 1950s a golden age or a “vast wasteland”?

or, you may answer the question below. You must have two sources and one can be the textbook.  All other rules apply.

Place postwar suburbanization in the context of the growing size and influence of the federal government. How did the national government encourage suburbanization?

If your last name begins with the letters “N…” through “P…” answer one of the three questions below.

5. Tell the class about the “Freedom Riders” of 1961.

https://blackpast.org/aah/freedom-rides-1961

https://createdequal.neh.gov/films/freedom-riders

 Or, you may answer the question below.  You must have two sources and one can be the textbook.  All other rules apply.

Discuss the long-range effects of desegregation in the nation’s public schools following the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas decision of 1954.

Or, you may answer the question below.  You must have two sources and one can be the textbook.  All other rules apply.

What was the significance of the Greensboro Four?

If your last name begins with the letters “Q…” through “Z…” answer one of the three questions below.

6. Tell the class about the Cuban Missile Crisis.

http://www.cubanmissilecrisis.org/background/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJbBQi02Rrs (video)

https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/cuban-missile-crisis

Or, you may answer the question below.  You must have two sources and one can be the textbook.  All other rules apply.

Tell the class about the Mercury Space Program.

Or, you may answer the question below.  You must have two sources and one can be the textbook.  All other rules apply.

Tell the class about the Berlin Wall Crisis, 1961.  How did this effect America at home?

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