4 questions | Applied Sciences homework help

1. Consider whether it is advisable to consult a physician. Authorities do not agree on who should have a health assessment. However, a health examination may be appropriate for anyone who is older than 35 starting a vigorous exercise program for the first time. An examination is more appropriate for a sedentary person than for one who has been physically active. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) states that asymptomatic, physically active persons of any age with no history of risk factors for coronary heart disease usually require little supervision. Whether to have exercise electrocardiography (an as- sessment of heart function while walking on a treadmill; commonly called a “stress test”) can be discussed with one’s physician. The procedure costs several hundred dollars and often yields false‑positive results that lead to further expense and more invasive testing. The American Heart Association9 recommends exercise testing for peo- ple planning to start an exercise program more intense than walking at 50% to 60% of maximum heart rate (or running or jogging) if they (a) are age 45 or older and have been sedentary, (b) have symptoms such as chest pain, (c) have a heart murmur or high blood pressure, or (d) have two or more major coronary risk factors. The Association states that men younger than 45 and women younger than 55 who have no major risk factors or signs of heart disease do not need an exercise test and should not be restricted in their exercise program. (Chapter 15 provides additional information about exercise testing.) 2. Determine the present level of fitness so that future results can be compared using the same method of determination. The ACSM Fitness Book10 provides complete information on designing an exercise program. 3. Select a type of exercise that is compatible with age and physical condition. For example:

younger tHan 30 years: With no known medical problems, the individual can participate in any type of exercise activity. 30 to 39 years: Most types of activity are suitable. However, if strenuous exercises are planned, a physician’s approval may be advisable. 40 to 59 years: It is advisable to start with a walking program. After conditioning has occurred, running, jogging, and other more demanding activities may be undertaken. However, a physician’s approval is advisable before starting. If approval is not given, less strenuous activities such as walking, golf, cycling, and swimming may be suitable. 60 years and older: The average person should avoid jog- ging, running, and vigorous competitive sports. Walking, swimming, and stationary cycling will provide benefits with less risk of injury.