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4) What suggestions can you offer about a qualitative research design

for your colleague’s research topic?

REPLY TO MY CLASSMATE’S DISCUSSION BY

ANSWERING THE ABOVE INSTRUCTIONS

WEEK DISCUSSION 1 (Katherine) (MINIMUM OF 300

WORDS)

What is the research question? The question would be, 'How does a qualitative research question differ from the research question in a qualitative study, taking depression and cardiovascular disease as a basis for your research?'. How does a qualitative research question differ from the research question in a quantitative study? Qualitative research is a known alternative for quantitative research, using more broader scope of study in any research; its focus is on how the researcher gains insight and understanding in research, trying to use research tools to get information, and perception of circumstances. We have the phenomenological, ethnographic, historical, action, case study types in qualitative research; which involves asking broader research questions, conducting interviews, without using numbers (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). Like the qualitative which can be experimental and non-experimental, with the use of words, pictures, no numbers or variables, answering the 'why' and 'how' behind a correlation of behavior. In contrast, quantitative research uses its numerics and numbers to develop statistical picture of the said research, which sheds more light with its analysis defining the experiment for the right audience. What procedure was used to recruit participants for the sample? Was the sample size appropriate? Why or why not? The participants involves the researcher joining in with the activities of the participants instead of just watching what is done from a distance. As mentioned in the qualitative interview study, there were 20 participating patients who were engaged in the trials (18 years and older), in a nine-week program of depression, alongside nurses who were there to guide, and the psychologist. Dealing with patients depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD); the patients actively involved in the treatment process, the challenging experience, and the thought of working to aid improvement (Hare & Toukhsati, 2014). One can say that the sample size was quite appropriate, as the research was done with an interview, via telephone, with a good number of participants and observations which directly influenced the research findings; the precision of the estimated figures and being able to draw conclusions on the findings. To determine the appropriate sample size in qualitative research, the information given was evaluated, by the quality and how it was put and purposefully sampled, noting that in this research numbers are not used as a basis for ensuring adequate sampling. Telephone interviews can equally be said to be as effective as face-to-face interviews when taking research for data collection What do you think the researcher’s paradigm was? Knowing that the framework try to fit in to enable a proper research plan; by understanding the aim of the study, what questions to be asked, method of analysis, the research paradigms have helped influence the researcher in the methods of research done, using critical theory. The research was exploratory, evaluative or predictive. Exploratory by using qualitative semi-structured study design for the interviews, on a one-on-one basis with participants, targeting depression in patients with heart failure, hence making it a no face-to-face contact with the patients. It was then evaluated, by assessing the competence in the research and how the patients got evaluated feedback from the nurses, with also an evaluation of the effect of internet- based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients who suffered depression, giving a knowledge of what the feedback and result would be. What evidence of reflexivity do you see in the research report? The aim of being reflexive is to understand the fact that some beliefs may affect the research, in attempt to question my assumptions, and influences what is known without reservations or bias. In this research, it was both prospective and retrospective (the effect the researcher had on the study and vice versa). The research had its effect on the patients; changing their perspective towards how they think, behave, and the effect it had on their emotions. They were able to understand the treatment of the disease and how best to live with it, though it was quite demanding and emotionally challenging. Reflexivity gave the researcher an awareness of the values, opinion, and a great experience for its participants not minding the effect it had on them, hence pushing them closer to the aim of the study (subjective nature of qualitative research and study). What ethical considerations were mentioned in the research report? What applicable ethical considerations can you think of that were not mentioned by the researchers? In a research, the researcher looks at what it takes to get the research started; by getting and putting in place what is needed to do a credible and positively achievable research, doing a mental ratio on the effect of the research, not forgetting that there could be some lapses and constraint (weighing the pros and the cons). Ethical considerations in qualitative research approach are somewhat similar to that of the quantitative, this can be seen when we look at the ethics code of conduct, and the research quality, it's informed consent, confidentiality and privacy (APA, 2017). Taking the subjectivity on the interpretation of the data and conclusion. Taking some of the feedbacks from participants, one can say that it was quite engaging, as the patients with CVD and depression were able relate with the researchers personally, with decorum and giving them a listening ear. Considerably, good ethics was practiced, as the patients were able to relate with the interviewer, feeling safe, with the feeling of not being alone in that state, expressing their thoughts, fears, and emotions. With all of this and having read some of the interactions the patients had with the researcher, it was not mentioned that there was privacy and confidentiality in the conversations; it lacked an in-depth feeling of security as there was no code of confidentiality read to them to understand the consent, privacy of the conversations they had (like the privacy rules we usually hear while making a payment via the phone, or calling your bank, or even making a purchase). Not forgetting that these make up what gives the researcher a distinctive research, and the patients a feeling of privacy. How might a qualitative approach be useful for the research topic you chose in Week 1? A qualitative approach is useful in my research topic, 'Human relations', as it bothers on the motivation the patients get to stay healthy; the words spoken to them, data collected, the observations of both the researcher and patients, the narrative and approach that was used to get the patients to speak, hence making the researcher obtain insights on how they felt, and their experiences. References American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, Amended June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspxLinks to an external site.. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches (5th ed.). SAGE. Hare DL, Toukhsati SR, Johansson P, Jaarsma T. Depression and cardiovascular disease: a clinical review. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(21):1365-72 After reading your colleague’s critique of the published qualitative study, consider the following in your reply: 1) Do you agree with your colleague’s assessment of the assigned study? Why or why not?