NUR641E Week 1 | Nursing in Health Care - Grand canyon university

24. What condition are you dealing with?

Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis 7 A drug with a half-life of 10 hours is administered by continuous intravenous infusion. Which of the following best approximates the time for the drug to reach steady state? 10 hours 30 hours 40 hours 60 hours 8 Which NSAID is generally considered the safest for use in patients with coronary artery disease? Celecoxib Indomethacin Naproxen Acetaminophen 9 Pulmonary

hypertension:

shows an enlarged pulmonary artery. involves deep vein thrombosis. shows right ventricular hypertrophy. A and C are correct 10 Which stage of infection is occurring when the immune and inflammatory responses are triggered? Incubation period Prodromal stage Invasion period Convalescence 11 Which of the following agents is used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy? Activated vitamin D Pamidronate (Aredia) Hydrochlorothiazide Kayexalate 12 Which statement is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of drug administration? The immature liver or kidneys of the very young may accelerate drug metabolism and excretion. Medications enter the body in solid form and change into solution for absorption and utilization. It includes medication absorption, distribution to tissues, metabolism, and elimination from the body. A therapeutic effect occurs as the medication reaches the target cell. 13 Which statement is true regarding the half-life of medications? Doubling the dose will double the medication half-life. Approximately 2 half-lives are required for a medication to be completely eliminated. Patients with renal or hepatic disease usually have decreased half-lives. The half-life of a drug helps determine how often the drug is to be administered. 14 Cell wall inhibitors include all of the following except penicillins. cephalosporins. carbapenems. tetracylclines. 15 Which of the following factors do not influence bioavailability? First-pass hepatic metabolism Solubility of the drug Bioequivalence Chemical instability 16 Which class of diuretics treats hypertension by increasing sodium and water retention? Loop diuretics Thiazide diuretics Potassium sparing diuretics Aldosterone inhibiting diuretics 17 What is the action of calcitonin? Increases metabolism. Decreases metabolism. Increases serum calcium. Decreases serum calcium. 18 The nurse has a patient who has been on multidrug therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. When planning patient education, the nurse knows the patient needs to watch for which symptom of an adverse effect of multidrug therapy? Hearing loss Changes in vision Generalized pruritus Jaundice 19 The spread of microorganisms from mother to the baby across the placenta is termed direct transmission. vertical transmission. horizontal transmission. indirect transmission. 20 Which antimicrobial should be avoided in children because it is deposited in tissues undergoing calcification and can stunt growth? Tetracycline Ciprofloxacin Vancomycin Amoxicillin 21 The primary role

of cytochrome p-450, in the liver, is to:

stimulate steroid release as a stress response. deactivate and detoxify medications and other substances. produce fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factor V. eliminate amino acids, forming urea. 22 Death from influenza usually results from high temperature. dehydration. pneumonia. metabolic alkalosis. 23 Which of the following statements is true regarding bioavailability? It has little effect on the pharmacokinetics of orally-administered drugs. It is a drug-specific property; therefore, bioavailability will be the same regardless of the dosage form used. IV-administered drugs have a bioavailability of between 50 and 75 percent. It is defined as the amount of administered drug that is available to reach the site of action. 24 Which of the following agents is considered a CYP3A4 inhibitor and should be used with caution in patients taking CYP3A4 substrates? Phenytoin Amiodarone Carbamazepine Rifampin 25 Which of the following drugs are not considered for use with angina? Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers ACE inhibitors Nitrates 26 How many months does it take for the newborn to be sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells? 1 to 2 4 to 5 6 to 8 10 to 12 27 Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure? Capillary hydrostatic Interstitial hydrostatic Plasma oncotic Interstitial oncotic 28 What mechanism can cause hypernatremia? Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Hypersecretion of aldosterone Brief bouts of vomiting or diarrhea Excessive diuretic therapy 29 What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone? (Select all that apply.) Sodium retention Sodium excretion Water retention Water excretion 30 Which of the following increases the potential of cardiac toxicity if taken concurrently with digoxin? Chloride Potassium Sodium Zinc 31 Which of the following corticosteroids has the shortest half-life and thus must be dosed most frequently? Dexamethasone Hydrocortisone Methylprednisolone Prednisone 32 What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action potential? Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. 33 Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with hypertension? Increased norepinephrine Adducin Angiotensin II Insulin resistance 34 The major therapeutic actions of NSAIDS include all of the following except reduction of inflammation. reduction of pain. reduction of fever. reduction of clotting factors. 35 What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia? Hepatic cells increase cell division after part of the liver is excised. Skeletal muscle cells atrophy as a result of paralysis. The heart muscle enlarges as a result of hypertension. The size of the uterus increases during pregnancy. 36 A patient with type 1 diabetes has been made NPO after midnight for surgery. Knowing that the patient needs to continue the insulin pump to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis, what would be an expectation of treatment? Bedtime snack before midnight Dextrose containing intravenous fluids 2am glucose check followed by apple juice if needed Discontinue the insulin pump 37 Bacteria that produce endotoxins that stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators that produce fever are called pyrogenic bacteria. true bacteria. exotoxins. spirochetes. 38 A 68-year-old male has COPD with moderate airway obstruction. Despite using salmeterol daily, as prescribed, he reports continued symptoms of shortness of breath with mild exertion. Which one of the following agents would be an appropriate addition to his current therapy? Systemic corticosteroids Albuterol Tiotropium Roflumilast Theophylline 39 Aldosterone

directly increases the reabsorption of (select all that apply):

magnesium. calcium. sodium. water. 40 The most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection is aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. not receiving the vaccine. refusing to cough and take deep breaths. remaining in bed until postop day two. 41 Which of the following is true regarding prodrugs? They are affected considerably by renal function. They are better than amateur drugs. They are designed to overcome undesirable properties of an active drug. They may be more effective in patients with liver dysfunction. 42 In the immediate postnatal period, infants lose approximately 5% of body weight due to loss of body water inability of the body to digest nutrients hemolysis of red blood cells poor sucking reflex 43 Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of warfarin? Directly inhibits factor Xa Inhibits factors II, VII, IX, and X Blocks the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin Upregulates antithrombin III 44 When looking at arterial blood gas readings, you discover the following: pH 7.75, pCO2 24, HCO3