Week 8 assignment: essay – interrelationships reflection apa format | Applied Sciences homework help
- Examine the elements of the Doric order in Figure 6-5. What values are revealed by the attention to detail in the stylobate, the shaft, and the segments of the cap- ital, the necking, echinus, and abacus? Are these details simply decoration, or are they also functional and revelatory?
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FIGURE 6-5 Elements of the Doric order, the simplest of the Greek orders and thus considered most appropriate for temples. PERCEPTION KEY Form, Function, Content, and Space Study Figure 6-2 (Chartres Cathedral) and the Seagram Building Figure 6-6 below. 1. What is the basic function of each of these buildings? 2. How have the respective forms revealed the functions of their buildings? We would argue that both works are architecture because the form of the building is revela- tory of the subject matter—of the tension, anguish, striving, and ultimate concern of religious faith—whereas the form of the Seagram Building is revelatory of the stripped-down, uniform efficiency of an American business corporation. Consider every possible relevant argument against this view. Study one of Frank Lloyd Wright’s last and most famous works, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City (Figures 6-7 and 6-8), constructed in 1957–1959 but designed in 1943. Wright wrote, Here for the first time architecture appears plastic, one floor flowing into another (more like sculpture) instead of the usual superimposition of stratified layers cutting and butt- ing into each other by way of post-and-beam construction. The whole building, cast in concrete, is more like an egg shell—in form a great simplicity—rather than like a crisscross structure. The light concrete flesh is rendered strong enough everywhere to do its work jac16871_ch06_121-162.indd 128 12/11/17 11:45 AM 129
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FIGURE 6-7 Frank Lloyd Wright, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City. 1957–1959. This was the last great commission for Wright, whose cast concrete design was instantly controversial. ©2017 Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Licensed by Artists Rights Society. Photo: ©Leonard Zhukovsky/123rf .com FIGURE 6-6 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson, architects, the Seagram Building, New York City. 1954–1958. An example of the International style popular in midcentury, the building was designed so that the structure of the building would be visible. Without decoration, and with replication of floor upon floor, this building reveals a clear function for “doing business.” ©SuperStock jac16871_ch06_121-162.indd 129 12/11/17 11:45 AM 130
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by embedded filaments of steel either separate or in mesh. The structural calculations are thus those of cantilever and continuity rather than the post and beam. The net result of such construction is a greater repose, the atmosphere of the quiet unbroken wave: no meeting of the eye with abrupt changes of form.1 The term cantilever refers to a structural principle in architecture in which one end of a horizontal form is fixed—usually in a wall—while the other end juts out over space. Steel beam construction makes such forms possible; many modern buildings, like the Guggenheim Museum, have forms extending fluidly into space. 1Source: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1960, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and Hori- zon Press, New York, p. 16ff. FIGURE 6-8 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum interior. The floor spirals continuously upward with art hung on the walls. A large transparent skylight is shaped similarly to cathedral rose windows. ©2017 Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Licensed by Artists Rights Society. Photo: ©Atlantide Phototravel/ Getty Images PERCEPTION KEY Guggenheim Museum 1. How well does the exterior of the building harmonize with the interior? 2. Does the exterior form reveal the building as an art museum? 3. The museum stands near much larger rectangular buildings. What would be the point of such a sharp contrast with boxlike “post-and-beam” structures? What would such a contrast reveal about the nature of art?