Week 8 assignment: essay – interrelationships reflection apa format | Applied Sciences homework help

1. Picasso painted a night bombing, but the actual bombing occurred in daylight. Why the change? As you think about this, remember that the artist transforms in order to inform.

jac16871_ch16_397-406.indd 398 12/11/17 8:52 PM EXPERIENCING The Humanities and Students of Medicine Study the following report by Joann Loviglio for the Associ- ated Press, published March 20, 2007. Modern medicine provides doctors with an array of sophisticated machines that collect and present data about their patients, but the human eye is an invaluable yet often underappreciated diagnostic tool. To address that, a new collaboration of Jefferson Medical College and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts has been created to teach aspiring doctors to closely observe, describe and interpret the subtlest details with the eye of an artist. The art-and-medicine program kicked off its first workshop Friday with a group of 18 white-coated medical students visiting the academy’s museum and a dynamic representation of their chosen profession: Thomas Eakins’s masterwork The Gross Clinic, which depicts an operation in progress. The first- and second-year med students heard how to take a “visual inventory”—paying attention to over- all elements of the painting, like texture and bright- ness, and specifics such as body language and facial expressions. Besides the two-hour Visual Perception workshop, others slated for the 2007–2008 school year are Accuracy and Perception, Hand-Eye Coordination, Art in Healing, and Sculpture and Surgery. The courses are a mix of demonstrations, lectures and hands-on art lessons. A 2001 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that med- ical students in a similar Yale University program acquired more astute obser- vational skills than their colleagues who didn’t take the courses. In addition to assessing a patient’s well-being during an office visit, finely honed visual abilities can also allow doctors to spot subtle changes in a patient’s X-rays over time, for example. Increasingly, medical schools nationwide are incorporating humanities courses to their curricula. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, 89 of the country’s 125 medical schools have humanities as an educational element included in a required course, and 66 have it as an elective. (There’s overlap because some schools have both.) The figures include all humanities, not just visual arts, spokeswoman Nicole Buckley said. Other humanities studies in medical schools include literature, performing arts, and music. Joanne Loviglio, “Getting Medical Students to See,” The Associated Press, March 20, 2007. Copyright © 2007 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. Used by permission FIGURE 16-1 Thomas Eakins, Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic). 1875. Oil on canvas, 8 feet × 6 feet 6 inches. Philadelphia Museum of Art. The Gross Clinic honors Samuel D. Gross, Philadelphia’s most famous surgeon. He stands ready to comment on the surgery being performed on a nameless man’s thigh. Eakins has caught Gross in a moment confident of great success. Many of the figures in the painting were known to his audience, and Eakins himself is portrayed in the upper right, in the shadows. Critics have claimed this is one of the greatest nineteenth-century American paintings. ©The Philadelphia Museum of Art/Art Resource, NY 399 continued jac16871_ch16_397-406.indd 399 12/11/17 8:53 PM deeper understanding brings us into closer rapport with artists, and such rapport helps sustain their confidence in their work. Artists reveal values; the other humanists study values. That does not mean, of course, that artists may not study values but that such study is subordinated to re- vealing values in an artistic form that attracts our participation. Values A value is something we care about, something that matters. A value is an object of an interest. The term “object,” however, should be understood as including events or states of affairs. Positive values are those objects of interest that satisfy us or give us pleasure, such as good health. Negative values are those objects of interest that dissatisfy us or give us pain, such as bad health. When the term “value” is used alone, it usually refers to positive values only, but it may also include negative values. In our value decisions, we generally seek to obtain positive values and avoid negative values. But except for the very young child, these decisions usually involve highly complex activities. To have a tooth pulled is painful, a negative value, but doing so leads to the possibility of better health, a positive value. Intrinsic values involve the feelings—such as pleasure and pain—we have of some value activity, such as enjoying good food or experiencing nausea from overeating. Extrinsic values are the means to intrinsic values, such as making the money that pays for the food. Intrinsic-extrinsic values not only evoke immediate feelings but also are means to further values, such as the enjoyable food that leads to future good health. Values, we propose, involve a valuer and something that excites an interest in the valuer. Subjectivist theories of value claim, however, that it is the interest that projects the value on something. The painting, for example, is positively valuable only because it satisfies the interest of someone. If no one is around to project interest, then it is not a valuable object. Value is entirely relative to the valuer. Objectivist theories of value claim, conversely, that it is the object that excites the interest. The painting is positively valuable even if no one has any interest in it. Value is in the object inde- pendently of any subject. Jane is beautiful even if no one is aware of her beauty. The relational theory of value—which is the one we have been presupposing throughout this book—claims that value emerges from the relation between an interest and an object. A good painting that is satisfying no one’s interest at the moment nev- ertheless possesses potential value. A good painting possesses properties that under