Week 8 assignment: essay – interrelationships reflection apa format | Applied Sciences homework help

7. How would you describe Emily Dickinson’s relationship with nature?

Literary detaiLS So far we have been analyzing literature with reference to structure, the overall order. But within every structure are details that need close examination in order to properly perceive the structure. jac16871_ch07_163-195.indd 183 12/11/17 11:53 AM 184 CHApTER 7 Language is used in literature in ways that differ from everyday uses. This is not to say that literature is artificial and unrelated to the language we speak but, rather, that we sometimes do not see the fullest implications of our speech and rarely take full advantage of the opportunities language affords us. Literature uses language to reveal meanings that are usually absent from daily speech. Our examination of detail will include image, metaphor, symbol, irony, and dic- tion. They are central to literature of all genres. Image An image in language asks us to imagine or “picture” what is referred to or being described. An image appeals essentially to our sense of sight, but sound, taste, odor, and touch are sometimes involved. One of the most striking resources of language is its capacity to help us reconstruct in our imaginations the “reality” of perceptions. This resource sometimes is as important in prose as in poetry. Consider, for exam- ple, the following passage from Joseph Conrad’s Youth: The boats, fast astern, lay in a deep shadow, and all around I could see the circle of the sea lighted by the fire. A gigantic flame arose forward straight and clear. It flares fierce, with noises like the whirr of wings, with rumbles as of thunder. There were cracks, detonations, and from the cone of flame the sparks flew upwards, as man is born to trouble, to leaky ships, and to ships that burn. PERCEPTION KEY Conrad’s Youth and Imagery 1. What does Conrad ask us to see in this passage? 2. What does he ask us to hear? 3. What do his images make us feel? 4. Comment on the imageless second half of the last sentence. In Youth, this scene is fleeting, only an instant in the total structure of the book. But the entire book is composed of such details, helping to engage the reader’s participation. Because of its tendency toward the succinct, poetry usually contains stronger images than prose, and poetry usually appeals more to our senses (Conrad’s prose being an obvious exception). Listen to the following poem by T. S. Eliot: I pRELUDES The winter evening settles down With smell of steaks in passageways. Six o’clock. The burnt-out ends of smoky days. And now a gusty shower wraps The grimy scraps Of withered leaves about your feet And newspapers from vacant lots; jac16871_ch07_163-195.indd 184 12/11/17 11:53 AM 185

LITERATURE

The showers beat On broken blinds and chimney-pots, And at the corner of the street A lonely cab-horse steams and stamps. And then the lighting of the lamps. Source: T.S. Eliot, “preludes,” Poems, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1920. Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc. PERCEPTION KEY “Preludes” 1. What happens in the poem? What does the title mean? 2. What senses are imaginatively stimulated? 3. Does the poem appeal to and evoke one particular sense more than the others? If so, which one and why? 4. Where is the poet? Is he talking to you? In the early years of the twentieth century the imagist school of poetry devel- oped, with the intention of writing poems that avoided argument and tried to say everything only in images. Ezra pound’s poem is one of the best examples of that approach.

IN A STATION OF THE METRO

The apparition of these faces in the crowd; petals on a wet, black bough. The Metro is the subway system in paris, which pound used in 1916 when he wrote this poem. The poem is in two parts. Ask yourself how they relate to each other, and at the same time ask yourself which line has the image. How complete is this poem? Metaphor Metaphor helps writers intensify language. Metaphor is a comparison designed to heighten our perception of the things compared. For example, in the following poem, Shakespeare compares his age to the autumn of the year and himself to a glowing fire that consumes its vitality. The structure of this sonnet is marked by developing one metaphor in each of three quatrains (a group of four rhyming lines) and a couplet that offers a summation of the entire poem.

SONNET 73

That time of year thou mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. In me thou see’st the twilight of such day jac16871_ch07_163-195.indd 185 12/11/17 11:53 AM 186 CHApTER 7 As after sunset fadeth in the west, Which by and by black night doth take away, Death’s second self, that seals up all in rest. In me thou see’st the glowing of such fire That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the death-bed whereon it must expire, Consumed with that which it was nourished by. This thou perceiv’st, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long. PERCEPTION KEY Shakespeare’s 73rd Sonnet 1. The first metaphor compares the narrator’s age with autumn. How are “yellow leaves, or none” appropriate for comparison with someone's age? What is implied by the comparison? The “bare ruined choirs” are the high place in the church— what place, physically, would they compare with in a person’s body?