DEP2004 | Developmental Psychology in Psychology - Rasmussen university

DEP2004 Human Growth and Development Module 6 Final Exam Question 1The negative outcome of Erikson's midlife stage, stagnation, focuses on __________. role confusion selflessness self-indulgence guilt and shame Question 2__________ is the best available predictor of infant survival and healthy development. Birth length Combined Apgar score Delivery date Birth weight Question 3In operant conditioning, a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response is called a __________. reinforcer punishment neutral stimulus conditioned stimulus Question 4If learning has occurred in classical conditioning, and the neutral stimulus by itself produces a response similar to the reflexive response, the neutral stimulus is then called a __________. neutral response conditioned stimulus conditioned response reinforcer Question 5The more a mental ability depends on __________ intelligence, the earlier it starts to decline. fluid crystallized emotional cultural Question 6In adulthood, __________ is associated with cognitive flexibility, creativity, advanced moral reasoning, and psychosocial maturity. femininity masculinity androgyny asexuality Question 7According to Erikson, __________ occurs when aging adults feel they have made many wrong decisions, yet time is too short to find an alternate route to integrity. mistrust despair stagnation isolation Question 8To study the impact of biological aging on motor skills, researchers focus on __________. sedentary adults competitive athletes men in their mid- to late thirties women in their childbearing years Question 9The negative outcome of Erikson's midlife stage, stagnation, focuses on __________. role confusion selflessness self-indulgence guilt and shame Question 10Adults often provide indirect feedback about grammar by using __________, which restructures inaccurate speech into correct form. fast-mapping an expansion overregularization a recast Question 11Moral reasoning typically progresses to Kohlberg's higher stages the longer a person __________. is alive attend church remains in school is employed Question 12Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood, had divorced parents, and rarely saw her father, she is a successful, happy, and healthy adult. Betty's ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________. assimilation resilience age-graded development multidimensional development Question 13The __________ is the conscious, reflective part of our mental system. sensory register central executive short-term memory store automatic cognitive processor Question 14At Kohlberg's Stage __________, individuals can imagine alternatives to their own social order, and they emphasize fair procedures for interpreting and changing the law. 3, the "good boy?good girl" orientation 4, the social-order-maintaining orientation 5, the social contract orientation 6, the universal ethical principle orientation Question 15According to Jean Piaget, __________ is the balance between internal structures and information that children encounter in their everyday worlds. imitation adaptation cognition equilibrium Question 16A combined Apgar score of __________ indicates that the infant is in good physical condition. less than 3 3 or 4 5 or 6 7 or better Question 17Carly, age 24, has a 22 percent increase over average body weight, based on her age, sex, and physical build. Carly is __________. an obese adult overweight, but not obese probably suffering from a metabolic disorder heavyset, but not overweight Question 18Vygotsky's theory __________. focuses on how basic motor skills contribute to socially transmitted higher cognitive processes pays more attention than Piaget's to the development of basic cognitive processes helps us understand the wide cultural variation in children's cognitive skills addresses how elementary capacities spark changes in children's social experiences Question 19Ivan Pavlov discovered __________. observational learning classical conditioning the ego's positive contributions to development the clinical method Question 20When Reggie takes his baby son, Tyson, to his workplace for the first time, Reggie's assistant abruptly picks Tyson up and walks around the office. Tyson cries and reaches out for Reggie. Tyson is expressing __________. sadness stranger anxiety separation anxiety disgust Question 21Typical parents give their sons toys that emphasize __________. cooperation nurturance competition physical attractiveness Question 22Basic emotions __________. appear in the middle of the second year are universal in humans are found only among humans involve injury to our sense of self Question 23Women who __________ tend to reach menopause earlier. have had two or more children do not smoke have not borne children have borne twins Question 24According to Erikson, the major personality attainment of adolescence is __________. trust identity autonomy intimacy Question 25__________ parenting in particular is linked to emerging adults' psychological well-being. Overprotective Permissive Autonomy-supportive Helicopter Question 26The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy __________ in the body. T cells B cells telomeres antigens Question 27__________ increase(s) from early to middle adulthood. Possible selves Self-doubt Destructiveness Autonomy Question 28In __________ coping, children appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty, and decide what to do about it. problem-centered emotion-centered effort-centered avoidant Question 29Within the family life cycle, stress tends to be greatest __________. in early adulthood in middle age in late adulthood during transitions between phases Question 30Jennifer, age 45, is a Girl Scout leader. She really enjoys giving to and guiding the next generation. According to Erikson, Jennifer has developed a sense of __________. autonomy intimacy stagnation generativity Question 31The information-processing perspective __________. examines separate aspects of thinking fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development applies only to children in cultures having formal schooling focuses on overall cognitive change Question 32__________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet. Sex hormones Over-the-counter medications Free radicals Low body weight Question 33Today, Albert Bandura's theory stresses the importance of __________. behavior modification punishment cognition reinforcement Question 34By age 2, children __________. take turns in face-to-face interaction can infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention adjust their speech to fit the age of their listeners adjust their speech to fit the social status of their listeners Question 35Depression __________. declines with age responds to treatment that is completely covered by Medicare is rarely related to physical illness or pain can lead to cognitive deterioration

Question 36Which of the following is a self-conscious emotion?

guilt happiness interest fear Question 37Erikson believed that successful resolution of intimacy versus isolation prepares the individual for the middle adulthood stage, which focuses on __________. initiative autonomy generativity industry Question 38Which parenting style is predictive of high self-esteem in adolescence? uninvolved authoritarian authoritative permissive Question 39__________ love is strong at the beginning of a relationship. Compassionate Affectionate Passionate Companionate Question 40The connection between more mature moral reasoning and action is __________. nil weak modest strong Question 41Between 6 and 10 weeks, the parent's communication with the infant evokes __________. the social smile laughter social referencing secure attachment Question 42Newborn babies respond with __________ to changes in body temperature. fear generalized distress generalized happiness surprise Question 43As __________, length of life increases. education decreases income decreases education and income increase incidence of diseases increases Question 44__________ disrupts the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism. Self-regulation Frequent eating out Reduced sleep Using screen media Question 45In egalitarian marriages, __________. there is a clear division of roles partners share power and authority the husband is the head of the household the wife is responsible for family economic well-being Question 46__________ is the most consistent predictor of marital stability. Religious similarity Age at marriage Acceptance of in-laws Educational level Question 47Striving for continuity is essential for attaining Erikson's sense of __________, which depends on preserving a sense of personal history. intimacy ego identity ego integrity initiative Question 48Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating __________, which are heavily contaminated with __________. long-lived predatory fish; mercury freshwater fish; lead long-lived predatory fish; lead freshwater fish; radiation Question 49The judgments that make up self-__________ are among the most important aspects of self-development because they affect our emotional experiences, future behavior, and long-term psychological adjustment. awareness esteem control talk Question 50__________ is strongly associated with healthy eating in teenagers. Vitamin supplementation Number of hours of sleep Dieting in adolescence Frequency of family meals