Kidney stone lab | Chemistry homework help

2) General Instructions for the Experimental Results Section

• Separate your results into Week 1 and Week 2.
• For Week 1, organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone. Make sure to include a descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and percent yields for your synthetic kidney stone.
• For Week 2, provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility product constant (Ksp) for one of your kidney stones.

Project 2: Kidney Stones Synthesis of Kidney Stones CHM2046L, Section 011, Group 2 October 16th, 2025 Lab Partners: Kayce Boucher, Emily Morales, Ashley Nguyen, and Sixto Sanchez.

Aim (Sixto Sanchez):

This experiment aims to determine whether various home medicines in dissolving the artificial kidney stones are synthesized during the first week. The efficacy of each therapy, the stones' solubility constant (Ksp) will be computed to compare their relative solubility. This will assist in assessing the chemical elements that affect the dissolving of stones and provide an explanation for the apparent or nonexistent effectiveness of each remedy.

Materials (Sixto Sanchez):

• Analytical balance
• Spatula or stirring rod
• Beaker: 100 mL and 250 mL
• Erlenmeyer flask: 125 mL
• Graduated cylinder: 10 mL
• Pipettes
• Vacuum filtration
• Funnel
• Drying plate

Chemicals/Hazards (Ashley Nguyen):

Chemical Name Chemical Formula Chemical Weight (g/mol) Physical Appearance Specific Hazards & Additional Notes Deionized Water 𝐻2𝑂

18.0 g/mol Form: clear,

liquid

N/A

Calcium Phosphate 𝐶a3(𝑃𝑂4)2

234.05 g/mol Color: white

Form: odorless power

If skin contact:

rinse skin with water/shower

If eye contact:

rise with

Appearance:

crystalline water, call doctor Not combustible but ambient fire may liberate vapors Apple Cider Vinegar (acidic acid) 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 ~60.052 g/mol Physical state

& appearance:

liquid

Odor:

Pungent, vinegar-like Color: clear to yellowish brown tint Avoid breathing vapor, contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Treat or dispose of waste material as a weak acid Methods and Procedures (Kayce Boucher): • Weigh the artificial kidney stones using an analytical scale. • Measure 25 mL of the ACV in a 25 mL graduated cylinder. • Transfer this to a 50 mL beaker. • Set the beaker up on a magnetic stirrer plate. • Measure and record the pH of the solutions. • Place the stone into the beaker. • Allow the stone to react with the solution. • When the reaction is completed, filter the solution through a filter lined funnel into a waste beaker. • Collect the remaining solid particles. • Dry the remaining solid particles.

• When it is dried weigh it using an analytical balance. Calculations (Emily Morales):

Formula to find the solubility constant:

“s” is the molar solubility of calcium phosphate, experimentally determined. Research Connection Assignment-Detailed Rubric General Report Content